Methodology 03 · Waterfall
Waterfall development
A sequential SDLC model (Royce, 1970) that splits delivery into six phase-gated stages. Each
stage produces a formal deliverable that's signed off before the next begins — no overlap, no rework.
Best when requirements are locked, regulatory documentation matters (medical, defence, finance), or scope
must be priced and committed before kickoff.
01 · Requirements analysis
Stakeholder interviews and use-case mapping; deliverable is a signed-off Software Requirements Specification (SRS).
02 · System design
High-Level Design (architecture, data model) followed by Low-Level Design (modules, interfaces). Output: HLD & LLD documents.
03 · Implementation
Engineers build to spec with documented code reviews and unit tests. Deliverable: the tagged code base.
04 · Verification
System, integration, UAT, and performance testing against the SRS. Output: a formal test report and defect log.
05 · Deployment
Production rollout per the deployment plan, with runbooks and training materials handed to the operations team.
06 · Maintenance
Corrective fixes, security patches, and adaptive enhancements under a defined SLA.
Phase-gate sign-off
No phase begins without written approval of the prior phase's deliverable — auditable, traceable, contract-friendly.